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Showing 22 results for Stress
Mis Masoomeh Mortaghi Ghasemi, Mis Zeinab Ghahremani, Mr Amir Vahedian Azimi, Mis Fatemeh Ghorbani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2011)
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2011)
Abstract
Background and Objective : Nursing is an extremely stressful profession. Nurses are confronted with a variety of personal, communicational and organizational stresses, which affect on their health and job satisfaction reversely. The purpose of present study is to determine nurse's job stress in therapeutic-educational centers in Zanjan.
Material and Methods : In this cross sectional descriptive- analytical study 155 nurses of nursing staff of teaching hospitals of Zanjan were selected by stratified random sampling in 2010. The instruments were a demographic data sheet and Toft-Gray and Anderson's nursing stress scale. The Data were analyzed by SPSS-14.5 software, using descriptive statistics and Spearman & Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The results show that various occupational conditions lead to tensions, high level (57.4%), moderate (40%) and low intention (2.6 %). Based on Spearman, there is a significant relationship between levels of tension and education status (r= 0.192, P= 0.017). Other variables such as age, sex, ward, marital status, shift working, record of services, overtime and number of children show no significant relationship with occupational stress.
Conclusion: Regarding to the harmful effect of occupational stress on nursing staff, we recommend that the authorities to consider reducing the stressful factors such as dissatisfaction of salary and premium, job overload, ambiguous roles and lack of social support.
Dr Mahshid Forooghan, Danial Amanian, Dr Mohammad Ali Hosseini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objective: With increasing older people population, the need to provide health care services in nursing homes is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program about the management of common problems in old age on the level of job stress in the caregivers of Golestan province nursing homes.
Material and Methods: This pre-experimental study was conducted on all 24 caregivers (11 males and 13 females) working in the nursing homes of Golestan province. The valid and reliable instruments were a researcher-made questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge and Osipow's job stress questionnaire, the intervention was an educational package to increase their knowledge and skills about the management of old age problems. The questionnaires were completed before, immediately after, one month and three months after the training. The data was analyzed by analysis variance, Pearson correlation, independent t-test and paired t-test.
Results: With increasing the knowledge of the caregivers, a significant reduction in job stress scores (p<0.001) was found after three months. Two components of job stress including overload (p<0.001) and insufficiency (p=0.002) showed significant decreases after three months compared to the mean scores before training.
Conclusion: Due to The effect of training on stress reduction, providing comprehensive training programs for caregivers may lead to higher quality services and health promotion for both elders and their caregivers.
Dr Alireza Mohammadi Arya , Mahdiyeh Pakdaman, Dr Shahnam Abolghasemi, Dr Mansour Rezaee, Dr Tahereh Pashaee, Amaneh Ghareh Tapeh ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of stress inoculation group training on the hope and quality of life in women with breast cancer.
Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 randomly selected women in chemotherapy ward of Razi hospital in Rasht, 2011. The instruments were Schneider hope and quality of life (SF-36) questionnaires. Of 60, 30 eligible patients were randomly divided into control group with no training and experimental group with stress inoculation training.
Results: Before intervention, the two groups were matched with demographic variables, hope and quality of life score. The results showed that the stress inoculation group training is effective both on hope and quality of life. Furthermore, the effect of this approach on quality of life was more than hope score (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Stress inoculation group training is highly effective in improving the hope and quality of life in women with breast cancer. To be sure about its permanent effect, further research with follow-up period is needed.
Saeedeh Sadat Hosaini, Dr Saeed Ariapooran,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (11-2014)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (11-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Secondary traumatic stress is one of the problems in nurses and the role of coping styles is paramount importance. The purpose of current study was to investigate the severity of secondary traumatic stress in nurses and the role of coping styles on it.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 323 nurses working in Kermanshah hospitals were selected via stratified sampling in 2012. The participants filled out Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) and Coping Styles Inventory, and the data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression.
Results: The results showed that 16.7% of nurses had the severity of secondary traumatic stress symptoms. Problem-focused coping negatively (r=-0.47) and emotion focused coping positively (r=0.405) were correlated to secondary traumatic stress symptoms (p<0.05). The coping styles explained 0.31 of total variance of secondary traumatic stress symptoms in nurses.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the severity of secondary traumatic stress symptoms and their relationship with coping styles are verified.
Zahra Moshtagh Eshgh , Ali Akbar Aghaeinejad, Akram Peyman, Dr Aref Amirkhani, Maryam Chehregosha,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the environmental factors bringing about chronic stress is something that is related to occupation. Because mental health improvement of a society particularly in a productive group is a necessity for dynamics and progression of a community, we aimed to examine the relationship between occupational stress and mental health in medical emergency's Male staff of Golestan province, 2012-2013.
Material and Methods: This correlational study was conducted, via census method, 206 pre-hospital personnel working in 44 emergency stations. The instruments were demographic checklist, Occupational stress questionnaire for nurses and Goldberg general health questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, T-test, and Tukey Test, using SPSS 16 software.
Results: One hundred and seventeen (75.5%) of emergency staff had a medium to high level of occupational stress and 145 of them (75.1%) a medium to low level of mental health. A significant inverse relationship was seen between the overall level of occupational stress and mental health. Occupational stress was significantly associated with the variables such as age and type of employment, and mental health with type of employment.
Conclusion: Occupational stress can adversely affect clinical practice and mental health in pre-hospital personnel. Hence, the use of some strategies to reduce stress can improve the mental health in that it leads to increase the quality of nursing care.
Dr Shohreh Kolagari, Dr Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi , Dr Maryam Rassouli, Dr Amir Kavousi, Sharareh Kolagari,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Role Strain refers to the felt difficulty in fulfilling expectations, complying with the role obligations and balancing the various dimensions of roles. Role strain is a subjective state of distress experienced. The aim of this study was to explain nursing teachers’ perception of role strain.
Material and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2013, based on conventional content analysis. Using purposeful sampling, 21 nursing teachers were selected from schools of Nursing and Midwifery of the country. The data was collected through Semi-structured, in-depth interviews, and analyzed via content analysis using Granhiem and Landman (2004). The rigor and confirmability of the data were used by Guba and Lincoln criteria.
Results: The data was summarized in sixteen subcategories and five main categories. Nursing teachers’ perception about role strain was placed in following categories: Duty interference, Work Overload, Clinical teaching problems, Educational system problems and Students’ problems.
Conclusion: Given the work-related requirements and role obligations, we recommend that managers and health policy makers be careful about some protective strategies to reduce the role strain.
Dr Ehsan Kazem Nejad , Fatemeh Dehghani, Shahnaz Buraki,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Stress, an undeniable fact of human life, is one of the most leading causes of diseases. This phenomenon results in low output students and learning difficulties. Hence, we aimed to identify sources of stress among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 students selected by stratified sampling in fall 2012. The data was collected via a two part questionnaire including demographic part and Student Stress part, and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square.
Results: The highest stressors were related to interpersonal factors (64.4%), and among this, copping with new responsibilities (69.8%) was the most one. No significant association between sources of stress and socio demographic variables was found.
Conclusion: According to multiple stressors in students’ life and education, we recommend consulting services and communication skills training be presented to reduce the damaging effects of stress.
Nushin Shamsabadi, Dr Afsane Khajevand, Dr Ramezan Hasanzadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (2-2016)
Volume 12, Issue 3 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Pregnancy is often introduced as a stressful experience that may be increased, and leads to some cognitive and behavioral responses called stress. By managing stress in pregnancy period, we can reduce anxiety and prevent from much of obstetric and physical complications. This study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral based stress management on anxiety reduction of pregnant women.
Material and Methods: This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted on pregnant women referring to health centers in Gorgan city in 2012. Twenty-four patients with eligible criteria were divided randomly into two equal groups of experimental and control. Pre-test was performed by State- trait anxiety inventory and the intervention was administered to experimental group. After that, posttest was taken for both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by covariance.
Results: Analysis of the data shows that pregnant women experience Anxiety. Stress management training in cognitive-behavioral style significantly decrease state- trait anxiety of pregnant women.
Conclusion: Stress management training in cognitive-behavioral style has an effect on state- trait anxiety reduction of pregnant women.
Shahla Biglar , Abolhassan Rafiee , Maryam Puryaghoob, Fariba Sharafi , Fatemeh Moghaddam, Zahra Nisari,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Volume 16, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: The management of Psychological symptom in patients and nurses, effective communication with patients are important issues that should be taken into consideration in nursing care. This study aimed to examine the effects of nursing welcome program on the level of stress and satisfaction in patients in the Coronary Care Units (CCU).
Methods: The interventional study was done on 72 patients, who were admitted to CCU at Emdadi hospital in Abhar in 2017. The patients were selected by convenience sampling and were allocated into intervention (n= 36) and control (n= 36) groups. Data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the La Monica–Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale (LOPSS). The DASS-21 was fulfilled by a welcome nurse through interview in both groups. Then the welcome nurse began to implement the Nursing Welcome Program in the intervention group. The level of patients' stress and satisfaction were measured an hour and 24 hours after the intervention respectively. Patients in the control group received routine care without any intervention. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test in SPSS-16.
Results: The Mean±SD of stress in intervention and control groups after intervention were 8.23±3.24 and 11.9±4.20 respectively (p= 0.001). The Mean±SD of satisfaction in intervention and control groups after intervention were 249.26±26.7 and 236.10±23.71 respectively (p=0.031).
Conclusions: According to the importance of nurses' position in communicating with patients, employing welcome nurses as an effective care method to reduce psychological symptoms and increase patients' satisfaction is suggested.
Mahnaz Niknejad Talemi, Fatemeh Ranjkesh, Mehdi Ranjbaran, Nasim Bahrami ,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Midwives experience high levels of perceived stress due to the nature of their work. Certain factors can play a significant role in occupational stress experience of this group. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in occupational stress among midwives.
Methods: In this descriptive - correlational study, 250 midwives working in health centers and public and private hospitals in Rasht from May to September 2012 were entered into the study by random sampling method. Demographic, emotional intelligence and occupational stress questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics including independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression at the significant level of P <0.05 in SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence (114.20 ± 12.55) and midwifery occupational stress (119.66 ± 15.48). Occupational variables including workplace (Private Hospital: β=-0. 19,P=0.012) , overtime hours (β = -0.33, P = 0.001), sleeping hours (β = 0.13, P = 0.011), social activity (β = 0.11, P = 0.029) , age of the midwife (β = 0.25, P = 0.045), and the overall score of emotional intelligence (β = 0.55, P = 0.001) were predictors of occupational stress (P <0.05). These variables explained 49 % of variance of occupational stress.
Conclusions: The occupational stress of midwives is affected by certain individual and occupational factors. Therefore, by modifying or changing some of these variables such as emotional intelligence, the midwives' occupational stress may be reduced. In addition, by designing effective programs in this field, midwives can improve their performance by reducing their stress levels.
Methods: In this descriptive - correlational study, 250 midwives working in health centers and public and private hospitals in Rasht from May to September 2012 were entered into the study by random sampling method. Demographic, emotional intelligence and occupational stress questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics including independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression at the significant level of P <0.05 in SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence (114.20 ± 12.55) and midwifery occupational stress (119.66 ± 15.48). Occupational variables including workplace (Private Hospital: β=-0. 19,P=0.012) , overtime hours (β = -0.33, P = 0.001), sleeping hours (β = 0.13, P = 0.011), social activity (β = 0.11, P = 0.029) , age of the midwife (β = 0.25, P = 0.045), and the overall score of emotional intelligence (β = 0.55, P = 0.001) were predictors of occupational stress (P <0.05). These variables explained 49 % of variance of occupational stress.
Conclusions: The occupational stress of midwives is affected by certain individual and occupational factors. Therefore, by modifying or changing some of these variables such as emotional intelligence, the midwives' occupational stress may be reduced. In addition, by designing effective programs in this field, midwives can improve their performance by reducing their stress levels.
Zara Ordoniavval , Soheila Rabiei Poor, Tahereh Behroozilak, Marzieh Areffi,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: For many people, infertility is a major critical factor in psychological stress that can cause many negative psychological reactions, so the present study were doing to investigate the effect of collaborative counseling (model on reproductive health) on stress of adopting a childless lifestyle in Infertile women .
Methods: This study was licensed under Umsu.rec.1393.185 dated 20/8/1393 from the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and was registered under clinical trial database IRCT2014112220045N1.
In this study, 50 infertile women aged 20-45 years with at least one year infertility referring to Kosar infertility clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and intervention Inclusion criteria were:
Be Iranian.
Reside in Urmia.
Be 20-45 years old.
Be literate.
Her husband has no other spouse.
Don't have adopted children.
Not currently suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and not using nerve medications.
Not be part of health or treatment personnel or graduates of medical sciences, psychology or counseling.
In the past six months, she has not had a stressful (deaths of first-degree relatives, accident, bankruptcy, severe illness or illness).
Not suffering from medical conditions (heart, lung, diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy).
The tool of the study was the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire, which included a 46-item multidimensional questionnaire developed by Christopher Nutten in 1999 at the Canadian Health Sciences Center and used to measure specific infertility stress in infertile individuals. The questionnaire was administered in five subscales including 10 questions of social stress, 8 questions of sexual stress, 10 questions of communication stress, 10 questions of parenting, and 8 questions of acceptance of a childless life. The total stress score is obtained by summing the scores of the five subscales. The answers are arranged in a Likert manner, with 6 points ranging from strongly disagree to strongly disagree, with scores ranging from 1 to 6. -30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-43 Do the reverse. The minimum score for this test is 46 and maximum is 276. An increase in the score of this test indicates an increase in the perceived stress of infertility in infertile persons. The validity and reliability of the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire in Iran has been assessed by Alizadeh (2005). In this study only the sexual dimension results are mentioned. Due to the long duration of the intervention (approximately 3 months) and the probability of the research units being linked to the control and intervention groups to prevent dissemination of information between the research units, the executive task was divided into two parts, the first phase was assigned to the control group and the researcher contacted by telephone. Individuals were required to complete a pre-test with the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire at each clinic or physician's office, and the questionnaire was completed again two weeks later.
Experimental group consisted of 10 group counseling sessions with one week interval including: infertility counseling session on infertility, treatment and correction of false beliefs and presentation of necessary strategies group counseling session on stress control, problem solving skills and control of infertility irrational thoughts, sexual health . Two weeks after the intervention, the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire was again completed for the intervention group and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using version 22 software.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of adoption without children in the intervention group (37.24 ± 6.63) and in the control group (34.35 ± 5.28) were not statistically significant. But after intervention, the mean scores of intervention group (30.05 ± 8.38) and control group (36.39 ± 4.78), respectively. Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention. (p=0/0003).
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of stress-free lifestyle before and after the intervention and the intervention resulted in a decrease in stress-free lifestyle acceptance in the study unit.
Methods: This study was licensed under Umsu.rec.1393.185 dated 20/8/1393 from the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and was registered under clinical trial database IRCT2014112220045N1.
In this study, 50 infertile women aged 20-45 years with at least one year infertility referring to Kosar infertility clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and intervention Inclusion criteria were:
Be Iranian.
Reside in Urmia.
Be 20-45 years old.
Be literate.
Her husband has no other spouse.
Don't have adopted children.
Not currently suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and not using nerve medications.
Not be part of health or treatment personnel or graduates of medical sciences, psychology or counseling.
In the past six months, she has not had a stressful (deaths of first-degree relatives, accident, bankruptcy, severe illness or illness).
Not suffering from medical conditions (heart, lung, diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy).
The tool of the study was the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire, which included a 46-item multidimensional questionnaire developed by Christopher Nutten in 1999 at the Canadian Health Sciences Center and used to measure specific infertility stress in infertile individuals. The questionnaire was administered in five subscales including 10 questions of social stress, 8 questions of sexual stress, 10 questions of communication stress, 10 questions of parenting, and 8 questions of acceptance of a childless life. The total stress score is obtained by summing the scores of the five subscales. The answers are arranged in a Likert manner, with 6 points ranging from strongly disagree to strongly disagree, with scores ranging from 1 to 6. -30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-43 Do the reverse. The minimum score for this test is 46 and maximum is 276. An increase in the score of this test indicates an increase in the perceived stress of infertility in infertile persons. The validity and reliability of the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire in Iran has been assessed by Alizadeh (2005). In this study only the sexual dimension results are mentioned. Due to the long duration of the intervention (approximately 3 months) and the probability of the research units being linked to the control and intervention groups to prevent dissemination of information between the research units, the executive task was divided into two parts, the first phase was assigned to the control group and the researcher contacted by telephone. Individuals were required to complete a pre-test with the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire at each clinic or physician's office, and the questionnaire was completed again two weeks later.
Experimental group consisted of 10 group counseling sessions with one week interval including: infertility counseling session on infertility, treatment and correction of false beliefs and presentation of necessary strategies group counseling session on stress control, problem solving skills and control of infertility irrational thoughts, sexual health . Two weeks after the intervention, the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire was again completed for the intervention group and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using version 22 software.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of adoption without children in the intervention group (37.24 ± 6.63) and in the control group (34.35 ± 5.28) were not statistically significant. But after intervention, the mean scores of intervention group (30.05 ± 8.38) and control group (36.39 ± 4.78), respectively. Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention. (p=0/0003).
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of stress-free lifestyle before and after the intervention and the intervention resulted in a decrease in stress-free lifestyle acceptance in the study unit.
Zara Ordoniavval , Soheila Rabiei Poor, Atefeh Yas,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: For many people infertility is a major crisis and cause of psychological stress that can affect emotional stress and many negative psychological reactions including depression, anxiety, worry, anger, shame, jealousy, loneliness, despair and despair, self-esteem. Emotional imbalance, feelings of sexual inadequacy, sexual dysfunction and decreased sexual satisfaction. The relationship between stress and infertility is usually "bilateral and exacerbates each other. Infertility couples who consider themselves to be infertile blame themselves and this situation increases mental stress and thus aggravates the problem, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of collaborative counseling on sexual stress in infertile women.
Methods: This study was licensed under Umsu.rec.1393.185 dated 20/8/1393 from the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and was registered under clinical trial database IRCT2014112220045N1.
In this study, 50 infertile women aged 20-45 years with at least one year infertility referring to Kosar infertility clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and intervention Inclusion criteria were:
Be Iranian.
Reside in Urmia.
Be 20-45 years old.
Be literate.
Her husband has no other spouse.
Don't have adopted children.
Not currently suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and not using nerve medications.
Not be part of health or treatment personnel or graduates of medical sciences, psychology or counseling.
In the past six months, she has not had a stressful (deaths of first-degree relatives, accident, bankruptcy, severe illness or illness).
Not suffering from medical conditions (heart, lung, diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy).
The tool of the study was the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire, which included a 46-item multidimensional questionnaire developed by Christopher Nutten in 1999 at the Canadian Health Sciences Center and used to measure specific infertility stress in infertile individuals. The questionnaire was administered in five subscales including 10 questions of social stress, 8 questions of sexual stress, 10 questions of communication stress, 10 questions of parenting, and 8 questions of acceptance of a childless life. The total stress score is obtained by summing the scores of the five subscales. The answers are arranged in a Likert manner, with 6 points ranging from strongly disagree to strongly disagree, with scores ranging from 1 to 6. -30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-43 Do the reverse. The minimum score for this test is 46 and maximum is 276. An increase in the score of this test indicates an increase in the perceived stress of infertility in infertile persons. The validity and reliability of the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire in Iran has been assessed by Alizadeh (2005). In this study only the sexual dimension results are mentioned. Due to the long duration of the intervention (approximately 3 months) and the probability of the research units being linked to the control and intervention groups to prevent dissemination of information between the research units, the executive task was divided into two parts, the first phase was assigned to the control group and the researcher contacted by telephone. Individuals were required to complete a pre-test with the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire at each clinic or physician's office, and the questionnaire was completed again two weeks later.
Experimental group consisted of 10 group counseling sessions with one week interval including: infertility counseling session on infertility, treatment and correction of false beliefs and presentation of necessary strategies group counseling session on stress control, problem solving skills and control of infertility irrational thoughts, sexual health . Two weeks after the intervention, the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire was again completed for the intervention group and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using version 22 software.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of sexual stress dimension in the intervention group (26.52 ± 8.29) and in the control group (23.87 ± 8.08) were not statistically significant. But after intervention the mean scores of intervention group (20.67 ± 6.20) and control group were (78.7 ± 7.45). Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention. (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, counseling-based intervention has been effective in improving sexual stress in infertile women.
Methods: This study was licensed under Umsu.rec.1393.185 dated 20/8/1393 from the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences and was registered under clinical trial database IRCT2014112220045N1.
In this study, 50 infertile women aged 20-45 years with at least one year infertility referring to Kosar infertility clinic of Urmia city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and intervention Inclusion criteria were:
Be Iranian.
Reside in Urmia.
Be 20-45 years old.
Be literate.
Her husband has no other spouse.
Don't have adopted children.
Not currently suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and not using nerve medications.
Not be part of health or treatment personnel or graduates of medical sciences, psychology or counseling.
In the past six months, she has not had a stressful (deaths of first-degree relatives, accident, bankruptcy, severe illness or illness).
Not suffering from medical conditions (heart, lung, diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy).
The tool of the study was the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire, which included a 46-item multidimensional questionnaire developed by Christopher Nutten in 1999 at the Canadian Health Sciences Center and used to measure specific infertility stress in infertile individuals. The questionnaire was administered in five subscales including 10 questions of social stress, 8 questions of sexual stress, 10 questions of communication stress, 10 questions of parenting, and 8 questions of acceptance of a childless life. The total stress score is obtained by summing the scores of the five subscales. The answers are arranged in a Likert manner, with 6 points ranging from strongly disagree to strongly disagree, with scores ranging from 1 to 6. -30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-43 Do the reverse. The minimum score for this test is 46 and maximum is 276. An increase in the score of this test indicates an increase in the perceived stress of infertility in infertile persons. The validity and reliability of the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire in Iran has been assessed by Alizadeh (2005). In this study only the sexual dimension results are mentioned. Due to the long duration of the intervention (approximately 3 months) and the probability of the research units being linked to the control and intervention groups to prevent dissemination of information between the research units, the executive task was divided into two parts, the first phase was assigned to the control group and the researcher contacted by telephone. Individuals were required to complete a pre-test with the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire at each clinic or physician's office, and the questionnaire was completed again two weeks later.
Experimental group consisted of 10 group counseling sessions with one week interval including: infertility counseling session on infertility, treatment and correction of false beliefs and presentation of necessary strategies group counseling session on stress control, problem solving skills and control of infertility irrational thoughts, sexual health . Two weeks after the intervention, the Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire was again completed for the intervention group and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using version 22 software.
Results: Before the intervention, the mean scores of sexual stress dimension in the intervention group (26.52 ± 8.29) and in the control group (23.87 ± 8.08) were not statistically significant. But after intervention the mean scores of intervention group (20.67 ± 6.20) and control group were (78.7 ± 7.45). Independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention. (P = 0.01).
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, counseling-based intervention has been effective in improving sexual stress in infertile women.
Soheila Rabipoor, Maryam Abedi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: pregnancy is one of the most stressful periods a woman experiences in her life. This study was done to determine the perceived stress and prenatal distress in pregnancy and its related factors.
Methods: The is cohort study was carried out on 110 pregnant women whit gestational age of 24 to 28 weeks who referred to Reference laboratory in Miandoab city in 2016-2017. The sample was selected based on availability. The Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ) and demographical information were used. All obtained data were analyzed in SPSS- 23 using t test, Paired-t test and person test. Significant level was considered less than 0.05.
Results: The results of study show perceived stress and prenatal distress scores in 32-36 weeks have been uptrend than 24-28 weeks. Also, there was a significant relationship between wanted pregnancy with the mean stress score in 24-28 weeks (p=0.04). Also, between perceived stress score in 32-36 weeks and maternal education level (p=0.045) and between the distress score in 24-28 weeks pregnant and the wanting the sex of the fetus by the women. (p=0.045)
Conclusions: According to the results, stress and anxiety of pregnant women increase with approaching delivery time; caregivers should be taken into consideration by pregnant women. In addition, the results of the study show the importance of holding educational classes and raising women’s' awareness of pregnancy and childbirth and having a planned pregnancy to reduce stress and distress.
Atif Mahmood, Mahvish Mansoor Ali, Farahnaz Shoukat Ali Punjwani, Sana Sadruddin Bardai, Sonia Sultan, Omar Shamim,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Stressful situation are among the challenging experiences especially in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to compare the level of work-related stress among nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), General ward and Emergency setting.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at different private tertiary hospitals of Karachi in 2017-2018. Two stage sampling technique including quota and convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. A total of 225 participants were recruited. Pre-validated questionnaire was used which contained different stress related categories. Midwives, nursing assistants, part time nurses and nurses employed at management positions were excluded from the study. Data were presented as frequency and percentage and mean and standard deviation. The chi-square test was used for examine association of categorical variables. The SPSS used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 26.5±2.4 years. Stress among nurses working in emergency department was found to be highest in all categories. Management related stress was 77.3% and 69.3% due to criticism by supervisor and inadequate support by supervisor, respectively. Patient related stress was 72% and 64% due to health risk posed by patient contact and communication about death to patient. About 81.3% of the nurses of emergency department reported high level of stress due to covering work for another employee followed by 66.7% related to working overtime. Moreover, 86.7% and 62.7% of participants had high level of stress due to inadequate salary and lack of recognition.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the level of stress varies within different departments in the hospitals. There are several work-related stressors that found more in Emergency department than ICU or General ward.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at different private tertiary hospitals of Karachi in 2017-2018. Two stage sampling technique including quota and convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. A total of 225 participants were recruited. Pre-validated questionnaire was used which contained different stress related categories. Midwives, nursing assistants, part time nurses and nurses employed at management positions were excluded from the study. Data were presented as frequency and percentage and mean and standard deviation. The chi-square test was used for examine association of categorical variables. The SPSS used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of participants was 26.5±2.4 years. Stress among nurses working in emergency department was found to be highest in all categories. Management related stress was 77.3% and 69.3% due to criticism by supervisor and inadequate support by supervisor, respectively. Patient related stress was 72% and 64% due to health risk posed by patient contact and communication about death to patient. About 81.3% of the nurses of emergency department reported high level of stress due to covering work for another employee followed by 66.7% related to working overtime. Moreover, 86.7% and 62.7% of participants had high level of stress due to inadequate salary and lack of recognition.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the level of stress varies within different departments in the hospitals. There are several work-related stressors that found more in Emergency department than ICU or General ward.
Fateh Tavangar, Gholamreza Ghaedamin Harouni, Hassan Rafiey,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Tehran metropolis has been the center of urban growth in Iran in recent decades, which has led to the growth of psychological problems and stressful events. The present study aimed to determine the distribution of stressful events in different districts of Tehran.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study examined 5,985 citizens of Tehran in 2018. Subjects were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling, and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to measure stressful events. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Eleven stressors were extracted based on factor analysis, which were scored from 0 to 100. Mean scores of stressful events were compared using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post hoc test. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 16 and AMOS 18. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: The mean total score of stressful events was 6.78. The highest and lowest scores of stressful events were related to fear of the future (15.15) and academic changes (1.11), respectively. Results of the Tukey's post hoc test indicated differences between districts 12 and 20 in political problems, between districts 11 and 16 in neighborhood underdevelopment and social harm, between districts 16 and 19 in the livelihood problems, and between districts 1 and 2 in educational problems and educational changes. Moreover, mean scores of stressful events were highest in districts 1 in terms of worry about the future, in district 22 in terms of individual changes, in district 20 in terms of occupational difficulty, and in district 18 in terms of housing problems. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of stressful events due to employment and family relationships between the districts.
Conclusion: Based on the results, residents in less developed districts of Tehran, with poor urban facilities, are less affected by events due to subsistence, occupational, and economic issues, while residents in more developed districts are more affected by non-subsistence events, such as filtering, political instability, social constraints, and other factors.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study examined 5,985 citizens of Tehran in 2018. Subjects were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling, and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to measure stressful events. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Eleven stressors were extracted based on factor analysis, which were scored from 0 to 100. Mean scores of stressful events were compared using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post hoc test. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 16 and AMOS 18. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: The mean total score of stressful events was 6.78. The highest and lowest scores of stressful events were related to fear of the future (15.15) and academic changes (1.11), respectively. Results of the Tukey's post hoc test indicated differences between districts 12 and 20 in political problems, between districts 11 and 16 in neighborhood underdevelopment and social harm, between districts 16 and 19 in the livelihood problems, and between districts 1 and 2 in educational problems and educational changes. Moreover, mean scores of stressful events were highest in districts 1 in terms of worry about the future, in district 22 in terms of individual changes, in district 20 in terms of occupational difficulty, and in district 18 in terms of housing problems. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of stressful events due to employment and family relationships between the districts.
Conclusion: Based on the results, residents in less developed districts of Tehran, with poor urban facilities, are less affected by events due to subsistence, occupational, and economic issues, while residents in more developed districts are more affected by non-subsistence events, such as filtering, political instability, social constraints, and other factors.
Psychosocial stress and treatment compliance among HIV/AIDS patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Olayinka Oluseyi Ajao, Olamide Olajumoke Afolalu, Ganiyat Adeniran, Stephen Gbadebo Olawale, Mrs Rukayat Agboola-Bello,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has played a crucial role in minimizing the worldwide impact of HIV infection. Numerous HIV patients face challenges in adhering to their treatment due to various physical, social, and psychological factors. This study aimed to explore the correlation between psychosocial stress and treatment adherence among HIV/AIDS patients at a hospital in Nigeria.
Methods: In this study, a descriptive analytical design was utilized to select (n=171) HIV-infected clients attending the virology clinic at Uniosun Teaching Hospital (UTH). Convenient sampling was employed to choose participants from a total monthly population of 271 patients who visit the clinic. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire consisting of four sections and 57 items. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as the Chi-square test and correlation analysis, were employed to present and analyze the data.
Results: A significant proportion (61.4%) of the patients experienced a moderate level of stress. The most notable sources of stress reported by patients were the need for HIV status disclosure (71.9%) and rejection from family and friends (66.7%). Rejections by friends and family, stigma and discrimination, social and economic challenges, as well as antiretroviral therapy showed a significant association with HIV-related stress (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was found between psychosocial stress and treatment adherence (r = -0.705, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face significant levels of stress and often encounter rejection and stigma. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to establish comprehensive support services aimed at alleviating the stress experienced by these patients and reducing the obstacles they face. Such measures will ultimately enhance treatment compliance and overall well-being.
Boonyada Wongpiomoln, Chanidawadee Sayuen, Ladda Pholputta, Nitchapanrawee Phengphol,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (10-2023)
Volume 20, Issue 2 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background: Health care provided by youth can support homebound and bedridden older adults. The purpose of this study was to develop a program for homebound and bedridden older adults in rural areas of northeastern Thailand.
Methods: The methodology was a mixed method, including 1) exploration of the current situation through qualitative method, 2) development of a training program, and 3) implementation and evaluation of the program developed through a quasi-experimental method from February to June 2020 in Ta-Muang Subdistrict, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province, Thailand. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, Thai version of the brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI), and Srithanya Stress Test (ST-5) questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages, means, SDs, and paired t tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.
Results: The qualitative method showed 4 major themes, including 1) lack of caregivers, 2) lack of knowledge, 3) loneliness and stress, and 4) under the poverty line. The training program involved 6 activities: 1) providing knowledge in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 2) demonstrating and practicing in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 3) caring for older adults with love and care, 4) providing hygiene care to older adults, 5) promoting self-worth and self-confidence in youth, and 6) enhancing community participation. The quantitative method showed after the implementation of this training program. Findings showed that quality of life had higher mean scores, and stress had lower mean scores compared to the prior implementation.
Conclusion: This training program could promote bonding among youth and homebound and bedridden older adults through peer support from health volunteers.
Methods: The methodology was a mixed method, including 1) exploration of the current situation through qualitative method, 2) development of a training program, and 3) implementation and evaluation of the program developed through a quasi-experimental method from February to June 2020 in Ta-Muang Subdistrict, Selaphum District, Roi Et Province, Thailand. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, Thai version of the brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI), and Srithanya Stress Test (ST-5) questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages, means, SDs, and paired t tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.
Results: The qualitative method showed 4 major themes, including 1) lack of caregivers, 2) lack of knowledge, 3) loneliness and stress, and 4) under the poverty line. The training program involved 6 activities: 1) providing knowledge in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 2) demonstrating and practicing in caring for older adults to educate and support youth, 3) caring for older adults with love and care, 4) providing hygiene care to older adults, 5) promoting self-worth and self-confidence in youth, and 6) enhancing community participation. The quantitative method showed after the implementation of this training program. Findings showed that quality of life had higher mean scores, and stress had lower mean scores compared to the prior implementation.
Conclusion: This training program could promote bonding among youth and homebound and bedridden older adults through peer support from health volunteers.
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Batool Zeidabadi, Abedin Iranpour, Fatemeh Alavi-Arjas, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Salman Shamsadini Moghadam , Mohammd Moqaddasi Amiri, Mahdiye Taheri,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Fetal health and pregnancy outcomes are significant contributors to increased prenatal stress. The effect of fetal anomaly screening on a mother’s stress is controversial. The present study aimed to explore maternal stress throughout a multi-stage anomaly screening program among healthy pregnant women.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the public health centers of Sirjan, Iran from March 2022 to January 2023 using the convenience sampling process. The population included 228 healthy pregnant women. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist for demographic and obstetrics characteristics. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to measure maternal stress at three distinct intervals, including before (weeks 6-10 of pregnancy), during (weeks 11-14 of pregnancy), and after fetal anomaly screening tests (weeks 15-20 of pregnancy). Friedman test was used for measuring the association between maternal stress and fetal abnormality test results. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mothers with higher educational levels (p =0.05, β=1.74), and having a live child experienced lower levels of initial stress (p =0.016, β=2.27). Throughout the time, receiving a normal nuchal translucency (NT) result was associated with a significant decrease in perceived mother's stress (p <0.0001), and abnormal NT ultrasound results (reported in 3.8% of women) led to a rise in the downslope of stress in the third measurement; however, it was not significant.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that maternal stress decreased over time following normal results of fetal anomaly screening. Three factors were associated with lower maternal stress, including university education, having at least a living child, and a normal ultrasound result. Moreover, women at first pregnancy and/or with an abnormal ultrasound result experienced high-stress levels. The findings may be useful in guiding the formulation of health policies and the distribution of resources.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the public health centers of Sirjan, Iran from March 2022 to January 2023 using the convenience sampling process. The population included 228 healthy pregnant women. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist for demographic and obstetrics characteristics. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to measure maternal stress at three distinct intervals, including before (weeks 6-10 of pregnancy), during (weeks 11-14 of pregnancy), and after fetal anomaly screening tests (weeks 15-20 of pregnancy). Friedman test was used for measuring the association between maternal stress and fetal abnormality test results. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mothers with higher educational levels (p =0.05, β=1.74), and having a live child experienced lower levels of initial stress (p =0.016, β=2.27). Throughout the time, receiving a normal nuchal translucency (NT) result was associated with a significant decrease in perceived mother's stress (p <0.0001), and abnormal NT ultrasound results (reported in 3.8% of women) led to a rise in the downslope of stress in the third measurement; however, it was not significant.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that maternal stress decreased over time following normal results of fetal anomaly screening. Three factors were associated with lower maternal stress, including university education, having at least a living child, and a normal ultrasound result. Moreover, women at first pregnancy and/or with an abnormal ultrasound result experienced high-stress levels. The findings may be useful in guiding the formulation of health policies and the distribution of resources.
Ashraf Beirami , Zahra Rahemi,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Volume 21, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Labor pain is a common concern among pregnant women, leading to fear and anxiety. Enhancing self-efficacy can play a crucial role in managing these complications. This study aims to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy on the self-efficacy of multiparous and nulliparous women.
Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial with three parallel intervention arms (multiparous and nulliparous groups) and a control. The statistical population of the study included pregnant women (multiparous and nulliparous groups) referring to health centers (public and private) in Bandar Abbas city for prenatal care. A total sample size of 90 participants was determined, with 30 individuals randomly assigned to each group using a block randomization method. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Interventions were conducted in eight sessions, with 3 to 15 people in each group, in a face-to-face and coherent manner. Participants in the intervention and control groups were assessed three times: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and four weeks after the intervention using the Iranian Childbirth Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using SPSS version 26 software, employing ANOVA and repeated measures tests. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the active stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 162.07±11.28 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). Four weeks post-intervention, the scores were 162.07±11.98 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). The mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the fourth stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 155.21±10.80 (nulliparous), 156.21±11.12 (multiparous), and 122.77±24.96 (control group). Four weeks after the intervention, these scores were 152.46±10.29 (nulliparous), 154.23±11.34 (multiparous), and 121.23±27.42 (control group). The mean mindfulness scores in both intervention groups (multiparous and nulliparous) were significantly higher immediately after the intervention (p=0.001) and four weeks later (p=0.001) compared to baseline.
Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and mindfulness among pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended that this therapeutic method be utilized to manage and reduce the fear of childbirth in pregnant women.
Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial with three parallel intervention arms (multiparous and nulliparous groups) and a control. The statistical population of the study included pregnant women (multiparous and nulliparous groups) referring to health centers (public and private) in Bandar Abbas city for prenatal care. A total sample size of 90 participants was determined, with 30 individuals randomly assigned to each group using a block randomization method. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Interventions were conducted in eight sessions, with 3 to 15 people in each group, in a face-to-face and coherent manner. Participants in the intervention and control groups were assessed three times: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and four weeks after the intervention using the Iranian Childbirth Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using SPSS version 26 software, employing ANOVA and repeated measures tests. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the active stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 162.07±11.28 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). Four weeks post-intervention, the scores were 162.07±11.98 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). The mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the fourth stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 155.21±10.80 (nulliparous), 156.21±11.12 (multiparous), and 122.77±24.96 (control group). Four weeks after the intervention, these scores were 152.46±10.29 (nulliparous), 154.23±11.34 (multiparous), and 121.23±27.42 (control group). The mean mindfulness scores in both intervention groups (multiparous and nulliparous) were significantly higher immediately after the intervention (p=0.001) and four weeks later (p=0.001) compared to baseline.
Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and mindfulness among pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended that this therapeutic method be utilized to manage and reduce the fear of childbirth in pregnant women.
Bahareh Mohammadian, Saeed Bakhtiarpour , Farah Naderi , Zahra Dasht Bozorgi ,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health concern affecting many women worldwide. While various factors contribute to PPD, the role of perceived stress and marital satisfaction remains underexplored. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of marital satisfaction in the relationship between perceived stress and PPD among postpartum women in Ahvaz.
Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing structural equation modeling examined the relationships among perceived stress, marital satisfaction, and PPD. A convenience sample of 319 postpartum women who visited healthcare centers in Ahvaz, southern Iran, in 2023 was recruited. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-26 and AMOS-26 software.
Results: The findings indicated a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and marital satisfaction (β = -0.45, P < 0.001). Both marital satisfaction (β = -0.31, P = 0.008) and perceived stress (β = 0.20, P = 0.028) were significantly related to PPD. Bootstrapping results also confirmed a significant indirect effect of perceived stress on PPD via marital satisfaction (β = 0.17, P = 0.027).
Conclusion: The interplay between perceived stress, marital satisfaction, and PPD is complex and multifaceted. This research highlights the potential importance of marital satisfaction as a critical factor in understanding the pathway between stress and PPD. Future interventions might consider incorporating strategies to enhance marital quality to reduce the risk of PPD.
Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing structural equation modeling examined the relationships among perceived stress, marital satisfaction, and PPD. A convenience sample of 319 postpartum women who visited healthcare centers in Ahvaz, southern Iran, in 2023 was recruited. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-26 and AMOS-26 software.
Results: The findings indicated a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and marital satisfaction (β = -0.45, P < 0.001). Both marital satisfaction (β = -0.31, P = 0.008) and perceived stress (β = 0.20, P = 0.028) were significantly related to PPD. Bootstrapping results also confirmed a significant indirect effect of perceived stress on PPD via marital satisfaction (β = 0.17, P = 0.027).
Conclusion: The interplay between perceived stress, marital satisfaction, and PPD is complex and multifaceted. This research highlights the potential importance of marital satisfaction as a critical factor in understanding the pathway between stress and PPD. Future interventions might consider incorporating strategies to enhance marital quality to reduce the risk of PPD.
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